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Paired-end analysis of transcription start sites in Arabidopsis reveals plant-specific promoter signatures
Taj Morton,
Jalean Petricka,
David Corcoran,
Song Li,
Cara Winter,
Alexa Carda,
Philip Benfey,
Uwe Ohler,
Molly Megraw
The Plant Cell
2014
26 7 2746--2760
DOI
PubMed
Abstract
Understanding plant gene promoter architecture has long been a challenge due to the lack of relevant large-scale data sets and analysis methods. Here, we present a publicly available, large-scale transcription start site (TSS) data set in plants using a high-resolution method for analysis of 5' ends of mRNA transcripts. Our data set is produced using the paired-end analysis of transcription start sites (PEAT) protocol, providing millions of TSS locations from wild-type Columbia-0 Arabidopsis thaliana whole root samples. Using this data set, we grouped TSS reads into TSS tag clusters and categorized clusters into three spatial initiation patterns: narrow peak, broad with peak, and weak peak. We then designed a machine learning model that predicts the presence of TSS tag clusters with outstanding sensitivity and specificity for all three initiation patterns. We used this model to analyze the transcription factor binding site content of promoters exhibiting these initiation patterns. In contrast to the canonical notions of TATA-containing and more broad TATA-less promoters, the model shows that, in plants, the vast majority of transcription start sites are TATA free and are defined by a large compendium of known DNA sequence binding elements...
